Team
and League History |
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February 1982 |
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It is reported that a prominent New Orleans
businessman, David Dixon, is in the process of
starting a new spring football league. The
official announcement won't come for another few
weeks, but local businessmen A. E. "Pee Wee"
Burgess and Bill Kelce have heard that
Birmingham would probably be an expansion franchise in the coming years.
Burgess and Kelce were backers of the World Football League's Birmingham
Americans in 1974 and the Birmingham Vulcans
in 1975.
Dixon, the prime pusher to build
the New Orleans Superdome, said the new league would play from February
until June. The proposed league wouldn't bid for current National Football
League players, but will try to sign players not interested in the
NFL or those that have been cut by the league. Unofficial word is that the
new league will be made up of cities where the NFL already have teams.
Each franchise will have territorial rights to players in certain
states.
Burgess said he nor Kelce had
attended any organizational meetings for the new league. "We're just
listening. We're still interested in our city having pro football if it
wants it. We're still interested in an NFL franchise. We haven't heard
much about that lately. From what I've heard, however, there are some
people who have the financing to take the licking, which is likely to
happen the first couple of years. I've also heard that big TV is excited
about the prospects of a new football league at that time of year. Let me
say again, my main interest in this matter, and Bill's too, has been to
keep open or establish, lines of communications with professional football
people for Birmingham. I just don't want us to get shut out if it looks
like it's a good thing for Birmingham," Burgess said. |
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May 1982 |
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A
press conference is held in New York announcing the formation of the United
States Football League. The twelve team league is scheduled to begin play in
the spring of 1983. Their season will run from March through June, with each
team playing twenty games. Playoffs will begin in late June with the
championship game being played on July 4th. Peter Spivak, acting
Chairman of the league, made the announcement.
Marvin Warner, born and reared in
Birmingham but currently a resident of Cincinnati, will be the principal
owner of the unnamed team. Warner is a one-time U.S. ambassador to
Switzerland. He is also a graduate of the University of Alabama.
Previously, he has owned ten percent of Major League Baseball's New York
Yankees and forty-eight percent of the NFL's Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
The other franchise locations will
be Boston, Chicago, Denver, Detroit, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia,
Washington (DC), San Francisco, San Diego and Tampa Bay. Each franchise
has posted an irrevocable $1.5 million letter of credit. USFL founder Dave
Dixon will own the Chicago franchise. Judge Spivak will be a co-owner of
the Detroit franchise. John Bassett, Jr., former owner of the World Hockey
League's Birmingham Bulls will own
the Tampa Bay franchise.
A permanent league commissioner
will be named with a few days. No television contract has been signed, but
negotiations are underway with several networks. A player draft is tentatively
scheduled for January. The new league will use a system of territorial
rights for colleges close to each franchise to ensure local talent is
fully utilized.
A search for the team's head coach has
already begun. The team has already requested use of Legion Field for
March through July dates from 1983 to 1985, and it is uncertain if any
games will conflict with the Alabama Magic,
a new team in the American Football Association that is scheduled to play
in May through July of 1983.
In late 1981, USFL founder Dixon
wrote a potential Birmingham franchise investor saying he was sold on
Birmingham's market potential. "Birmingham could be a great franchise
city, assuming there is no adverse residual effect from WFL days. Frankly,
there will be a negative initial impact - for about ten minutes. No
fair-minded media person could make a USFL-WFL comparison. There is such a
night and day difference. All our owners are heavyweights, we shall be in
all the major markets, first rate stadiums everywhere, big name coaches at
all locations," Dixon wrote.
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On placing the team in Birmingham, Warner said, "Originally, I was
thinking of Washington, DC, but when "Bear" Bryant didn't discourage me
from coming into his territory, I settled on Birmingham."
Warner also said he had tentatively
decided on naming the team the Birmingham Knights because, "It's
easily symbolized. Or, we might even run a contest to name the team."
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Rumors are strong that a few months ago the USFL founders had offered NFL
Commissioner Pete Rozelle a certified check for $5 million for a four year
contract as well as the promise of a future expansion franchise if he were
to defect to the USFL.
Rozelle declined the offer.
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The USFL announces that a major television network has committed to televise
around twenty games a year for two years. The price was $20 to $24 million, with
ABC outbidding NBC. ABC also has a two year option on the USFL's third and
fourth
seasons. The revenue will be equally shared by all twelve franchises. |
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June 1982 |
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The USFL
names Chester R. Simmons as Commissioner. Simmons is currently the CEO of ESPN
and is a graduate of the University of Alabama. Simmons previously was
President of NBC Sports. |
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Mark
Warner, Vice President of the Birmingham
franchise announces the team name will be the
Birmingham Stallions. The main reason given was
because the team's owner breeds and races
thoroughbred horses at 2 farms in Kentucky. Mark
Warner also said the Stallions cheerleaders
would be known as the Fillies. When asked about
coaching candidates, Stallions General Manager Jim Gould named Florida
State University's Bobby Bowden, NFL Dallas Cowboys assistant Gene
Stallings, CFL Calgary Stampeders Head Coach Jack Gotta and CBS analyst
Hank Stram. Gotta was the head coach of the World Football League's Birmingham
Americans in 1974.
Stallions owner
Marvin Warner said that Ft. Lauderdale, Cincinnati and Washington, DC were
his first choices for placement of his franchise but they were all
eliminated for various reasons.
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The league announces a two year contract with
ESPN, who will carry two games a week. Terms of
the agreement were not disclosed. |
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Bobby
Bowden, a Birmingham native and head coach at
Florida State University, announces he is
removing his name from consideration as head
coach of the Stallions. "I'd be very interested
in the job except for one thing. I'm very happy
here at Florida State. I've got a substantial
five year contract," Bowden said. He might be
interested in coaching professional football
later in his career "if I can survive it,
physically, and if college football begins to
lose its challenge. That hasn't happened yet."
Bowden said he only talked to Gould once last
fall and the discussion was very general. |
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Jack Gotta, head coach of the CFL's Calgary Stampeders, says he is very
interested in coaching the Stallions but believes the Stallions aren't
interested in him. "I've talked with them maybe 3 times, and here's
the way it feels like to me - the guy (Gould) is calling me as a courtesy.
He knows I was there and had some success with the World Football League.
They have never talked business - numbers. There's no meat and potatoes,
and when they don't talk meat and potatoes, I don't feel like they're too
serious," Gotta said. |
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Hank Stram said that if he's in the running for the head coach position in
Birmingham, no one has told him. "I've heard from different sources
that my name's come up there. But I don't know anything about it,"
Stram said. He said he has been contacted by three other USFL teams but
declined to name them. Stram is currently a sports analyst for CBS.
"I don't miss coaching at all. At this stage, I like what I'm doing
very much. I'm still in the arena. I just have a little different
seat," Stram said. |
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Gene Stallings, an assistant coach with the
NFL's Dallas Cowboys, will be in Birmingham to
meet with Gould. "I've got a good job in Dallas,
but if the Stallions are interested in me, I'm
interested in them. I'd like to be a head coach
again, no question about it. I've said that
publicly a number of times," Stallings said.
Stallings was an assistant coach at the
University of Alabama under Paul 'Bear' Bryant
from 1958 through 1964 and was the head coach at
Texas A&M University from 1965 to 1971. He has
been with the Cowboys for ten years. "We
just want to talk. I won't be offering him a contract," Gould said of
the meeting.
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After meeting with Stallions officials,
Stallings said the decision must be made
quickly. "There's no real waiting for me. Unless
some kind of overture is made soon, I'm not
interested. This is not a great time of year for
me. I'm worried about leaving the Cowboys in a
bind. I have a degree of loyalty to the Cowboys.
If this drags on two or three weeks, I won't
consider it. Once the season starts, all this is
over for me as far as I'm concerned. I wouldn't
even think about leaving . But that still
doesn't mean I'll come here if I'm offered the
job. I'm definitely interested. The number one
thing is it would be nice to be a head coach
again. And I've always enjoyed being around
Alabama people," Stallings said. |
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Gotta announces that he is no longer a candidate
for the head coach position with the Stallions.
Gotta said a lack of respect, mainly by the
Stallions General Manager Jim Gould, was the
main reason he's no longer interested. "I've
been called three times by them, and each time
they say, 'We'll get back to you tomorrow.' The
next day, they never called back. I've never
been treated like that before. There are just
certain things that are ethical, even in a goofy
business like football. I can tell he's the kind
of person who would use people. I think maybe
I'm too football-oriented for that guy," Gotta
said. Gould
responded by saying, "To tell you the truth, Jack and I has some
friction. And communication is so important for me. I know a lot of people
are high on Jack, but I think Jack hurt himself a little bit with the WFL.
And he's in Canada now. I think Gene (Stallings), with ten years with the
Dallas Cowboys, gives me a little more security. I didn't have that sense
of security with that man (Gotta). We're really looking for a man with NFL
ties."
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July 1982 |
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An announcement is made that the Stallions
and Stallings had essentially reached terms that
would make him the head coach. Stallings met
with Warner last night at the owner's horse farm
twenty miles outside of Cincinnati and if an
agreement is reached soon, Stallings could be
officially announced as early as next week.
"The
ingredients of a (financial) package were put together. Under no
circumstances has a bargain already been reached. It was not a big,
elaborate negotiation. It was more like a five minute discussion. We didn't
formally ask, 'Are you interested in coming here for this amount of
dollars to coach the Birmingham team?' We asked him, 'What range do you
feel is proper? Tell me if you're interested in leaving Dallas and this is
what I need,'" Gould said.
Stallings currently
makes around $75,000 per year with the Cowboys and reportedly asked the
Stallions for a multi-year contract worth $150,000 per year plus an incentive to sign.
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Stallings turns down the Stallions head coach position. His main reason
was that he had previously made a verbal commitment to the Cowboys.
"I've been getting paid the last few months, even though I don't have a
contract in writing. I'm sure (Cowboys Head Coach) Tom Landry and
(Cowboys President) Tex Schramm would have let me out of that agreement.
It would have been no problem legally at all. But I really got to
thinking about it. It boiled down to, 'Do I want to do what I think is
right?' or 'Do I want to do what I don't think is right?' I wanted to
accept the job. I just didn't think it was right. This might seem
old-fashioned, but I've taught my children that a commitment means not
waiting until something better comes along. I couldn't teach them one
thing and do something different," Stallings said.
Landry wasn't
surprised by Stallings decision or his reasons. "You have to
understand Gene Stallings. He's a great man of principal. If he says he's
going to do something, he'll do it, even if it costs him something, like
it did in this case," Landry said. Stallings even went to Landry for
advise. "I gave him an honest appraisal. I'm not going to say what it
was," Landry said.
When asked if he
had a renewed interest in the head coach position, Gotta said, "There
would have to be a whole shake-up in their structure. He (Gould) alienated
me after talking to me for only an hour. He was damn rude to me. If it had
been a different situation, I might have kicked his..."
Warner has
instructed Gould to stop speaking so candidly about the coaching search.
"We will not make any more comments until we have a coach signed,
sealed and delivered," Gould said.
"This is no
crisis. I don't see any problems. There's no deadline. We'll find a coach
as soon as possible," Warner said.
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It is reported that the NFL's Cincinnati Bengals defensive coordinator,
Hank Bullough, has talked with Stallions officials about the head coaching job.
Bullough is currently under contract and is not expected to leave his
position with the Bengals, however.
It is also
reported that Warner is now handling the coaching search personally.
"We're very anxious to get a coach, but a good man is worth waiting
for," Warner said.
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It is announced that Gould has resigned as President and General
Manager of the Stallions to become the Senior Vice President for Finance
and Administration with the USFL's Washington, D.C. franchise.
"Birmingham should have a guy they'll respond to. This goes back a
couple of weeks. I just feel it's a tremendous opportunity career-wise.
And Washington was my original choice," Gould said.
At
the same conference, Warner announces the hiring of Jerry Sklar as the
Stallions new President. Sklar is a former President of Loveman's
department store.
Warner
indicates he will combine the head coach and General Manager positions.
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Former University of Notre Dame head coach Dan Devine meets with Warner
and Sklar
in Denver to discuss the head coaching position. Devine currently directs
fund-raising for the Arizona State University's athletic booster club.
Through the years, Devine has been the head coach at Arizona State
University, University of Missouri and Notre Dame. Devine has also been a
head coach for the NFL's Green Bay Packers.
"I don't know.
I just might be too expensive for them. I'll probably come a little higher
than an assistant right out of the pro ranks or an assistant out of
college. I am extremely impressed with Mr. Warner and the Birmingham
franchise. I think it is going to be very successful. I kind of like
Birmingham. I think it's a football-oriented community," Devine said. |
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August 1982 |
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It is learned that Joe Galat, the current head coach of the
CFL's Montreal Concordes, has interviewed for the Stallions head coach
position. "I've talked on the phone a few times in the last week or
so with some people who represent the team. I've got a good job here, but
I know it would be a great opportunity there in Birmingham. If we're
together on it, I'll be really happy about it. If not, I certainly have an
adventure here," Galat said.
However, sources inside the Stallions
management indicated that Galat isn't very high on their list. "I
don't think Joe Galat is under serious consideration at the moment. I
think there's a good likelihood that the coach is going to be a strong
assistant from the National Football League," the source said.
Galat's experience
has been as an assistant coach at Miami (Ohio) University, Yale
University, the University of Kentucky, the WFL's Memphis Southmen, the
NFL's New York Giants, the CFL's Montreal Alouettes and the NFL's Houston
Oilers. Galat was hired by George Allen, who has since left to become the
head coach of the USFL's Chicago franchise. Since then, the Alouettes have
folded and Galat was left behind to build an expansion team.
While in Memphis
with the Southmen, Galat became associated with Art Clarkson, current
owner and General Manager of the Southern League's Birmingham
Barons. During his discussions with the Stallions management, Galat
recommended Clarkson for the General Manager's position. Clarkson doesn't
want the job but has, however, volunteered his services to the Stallions
as an advisor. "I'm not interested. If times and circumstances were
different, I might be interested. I'm very flattered, but I plan to stay
here. Two things are important: 1) I'm an owner of a baseball team; 2) I
believe I have not only a commitment but a loyalty to the people who back
me here," Clarkson said. He recommended Galat for the head coach
position and said he might even be a better choice than Gotta.
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USFL team owners vote to allow the Los Angeles franchise to
move to Phoenix. Under the USFL's original franchise plan, the San Diego
team will now relocate to Los Angeles.
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Rumors are strong that a current assistant with the NFL's Pittsburgh
Steelers, Rollie Dotsch, will be the team's selection for head coach. The main
problem is Dotsch's binding contract with the Steelers. "Naturally, I
hope things can be worked out. I'd love to be able to say I'm coming, but
I can't say a thing until my contract situation is resolved," Dotsch
said.
"We've talked
with Dotsch. If he were available, I'm sure we would be able to work out a
deal. He's definitely interested in the job. He expressed a genuine
interest in becoming the head coach," Sklar said.
Pittsburgh Steelers
President Dan Rooney only comment was, "We expect people to honor
their contracts."
Dotsch was a teammate of the
USFL's New Jersey
Generals head coach Chuck Fairbanks at Michigan State University. He was a
junior on the 1952 Spartans squad that won the national championship. In
1958, Dotsch took his first college coaching job as an assistant at
Northern Michigan College. In 1961, he left to become the defensive backs
coach at Colorado. The next year, he went to the University of Missouri as
the offensive line coach. His first head coaching position was in 1966
when he went to Northern Michigan College. In 1971, Dotsch left college
coaching and became the offensive line coach for the NFL's Green Bay
Packers. In 1975, he joined Fairbanks as linebacker coach of the NFL's New
England Patriots. In 1977, Dotsch worked for the NFL's Detroit Lions
before moving to the Steelers, where he coached the offensive line during
their back-to-back Super Bowl wins in 1978 and 1979.
It was also learned
that Jim Stanley, an assistant with the NFL's Atlanta Falcons and former
Oklahoma State University head coach is under consideration as well.
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September 1982 |
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The Stallions officially announce the hiring of Rollie Dotsch as their head coach. Dotsch will remain with
the Steelers until September 19th, the Steelers second regular season
game, and will report to the Stallions the next day. "I know how
difficult this has been for the Steelers and Coach (Chuck) Noll. But this
demonstrates the type of people they are to give me my release under
difficult circumstances," Dotsch said. The Steelers had just lost
their defensive coordinator, George Perles, when the USFL's Philadelphia
franchise hired him as their head coach.
When
questioned about his staff, Dotsch said he is in no hurry to hire any
assistant coaches and may even wait until December or January. "I
believe a football team reflects its' coach and his staff. I'm looking for
good teachers, fundamental coaches, not the glamorous name guys. The same
is true with players. It isn't always the name players that get the job
done. It's the solid type of player, guys you can win with, not the
problem child. If there's anything I want my football team to be, it's
aggressive. I expect my backs and receivers to block. I even expect my
kicker to be aggressive. I'm a solid coach fundamentally, but I don't mind
taking calculated risks. Sometimes, I'm on the verge of being reckless.
I'll do some things totally unexpected. We'll put the ball up, too. We'll
have a pro-style, wide-open game. But we'll be certain that we're able to
run the football. I'll be a firm coach, but I want to have fun with this
football team. We'll take time to laugh," Dotsch said.
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The USFL announces the adoption of a scholarship
incentive program, which is designed to
encourage league players to return to school to
earn their degrees. The program is the first of
it's kind in professional football history. |
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October 1982 |
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The Stallions announce they have signed a five
year agreement to lease Legion Field. The per
game rental fee will be $5,000 or 10% of the
gate, whichever is greater. |
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November 1982 |
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The Stallions announce their intent to build an
8,000-square foot football operations facility
at Legion Field. The facility will cost around
$350,000 and will be built under the North end
zone stands. |
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February 1983 |
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University of Georgia officials announce running
back Herschel Walker has been declared
ineligible to play his senior season due to his
signing a contract with the USFL's New Jersey Generals. Walker is the
first football player to sign a contract before his senior season in
college, and terms of the contract are reportedly $16.5 million for 3
years.
According to
reports, Walker signed a contract last Saturday and then exercised a
clause in the contract that allowed him a 24-hour grace period to void the
contract. However, according the NCAA Walker was now considered a
professional football player. "He made a mistake and admits that.
He's had an early education in the hard reality of the business
profession. Now it's time for him to look ahead," said Georgia head
coach Vince Dooley.
This is expected to
have major implications on professional football for years to come. The
NFL has had a policy stating no underclassmen can be signed and most
believed the USFL would follow suit. |
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March 1983 |
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The league allows the
owners of the Chicago Blitz and the
Arizona Wranglers to swap team
management and personnel. |
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1983 United States Football League |
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Pacific Division |
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Central Division |
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Atlantic Division |
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Arizona Wranglers |
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Birmingham Stallions
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Boston Breakers |
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Denver Gold |
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Chicago Blitz |
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New Jersey Generals |
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Los Angeles Express
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Michigan Panthers |
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Philadelphia Stars |
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Oakland Invaders |
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Tampa Bay Bandits |
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Washington Federals |
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July 1983 |
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Sklar announces the Stallions have signed
running back Joe Cribbs to
a contract. Cribbs currently plays for the NFL's Buffalo Bills but has
been unhappy with the terms the Bills have offered on his expired
contract. Cribbs becomes the first high-profile NFL player to sign with
the USFL. Reportedly, the 5 one-year contracts total between $2.4 and $4
million.
Cribbs was represented by Jerry
Argovitz, who was recently awarded the expansion franchise in Houston.
Argovitz had been saying he would like to build his new team around Cribbs
and other players he represents. However, Cribbs is a former player at
Auburn University, which is one of the Stallions territorial schools.
Sklar informed Argovitz that if Cribbs played in the USFL, he would do so
only in Birmingham.
"This is coming home, and
that's something neither Buffalo nor Houston could offer. Sulligent (his
home town) is only an hour and a half away, and my family will have a
chance to see me play. This is a great day for me," said Cribbs. |
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October 1983 |
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The USFL's eighteen team owners unanimously
approved the Boston franchise's request to move
to New Orleans. The team's owners have been
unhappy with their home stadium, Boston
University's 20,535-seat Nickerson Field. They
hope to secure the right to play in the
Louisiana Superdome, which seats over 70,000. |
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January 1984 |
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The Stallions announce that Cliff Stoudt has signed with the team. Stoudt is a former backup
quarterback for the NFL's Pittsburgh Steelers. The terms of the contract
are for three years at $1.2 million. "I've always sensed that Cliff
is a quarterback with a lot of ability who just needed some confidence and
playing time. Now he'll have both. He's our number one quarterback,"
Dotsch said.
The Stallions also announce they have traded last year's starting
quarterback Reggie Collier to the Washington Federals. In the trade, the
Stallions received the rights to center Joel Hilgenberg and the Federals'
first round draft choice in 1985. |
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February 1984 |
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U.S. District Judge John
Elfvin rules in Buffalo that the
right-of-first-refusal clause in Cribbs' Bills
contract was unenforceable, which means the
Bills have no legal right to match Cribbs
contract with Birmingham and retain his
services. The clause was added to his contract
in 1982, before the USFL existed. "I'm happy
about the decision. This is where I want to
play. It's fantastic. Fantastic," Cribbs said. |
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1984 United States Football League |
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Western Conference |
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Eastern Conference |
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Pacific Division |
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Central Division |
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Southern Division |
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Atlantic Division |
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Arizona Wranglers |
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Chicago Blitz |
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Birmingham Stallions |
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New Jersey Generals |
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Denver Gold |
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Houston Gamblers |
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Jacksonville Bulls |
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Philadelphia Stars |
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Los Angeles Express |
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Michigan Panthers |
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Memphis Showboats |
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Pittsburgh Maulers |
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Oakland Invaders |
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Oklahoma Outlaws |
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New Orleans Breakers |
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Washington Federals |
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San Antonio Gunslingers
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Tampa Bay Bandits |
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April 1984 |
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It is reported that the USFL has
decided to become a fall league beginning with the 1987 season.
"There is virtually no chance that it's not going to happen,"
said an unidentified league executive. With the move is an increased hope
for a merger with the NFL.
The unapproved plan is to play two more seasons
in the spring and then wait over twelve months to begin the first fall
season in 1987. New Jersey Generals owner Donald Trump is believed to be
the most outspoken in favor of the shift in schedule. "I'm just one
of the instigators. If I thought this league would not have gone to a fall
schedule, I wouldn't have come into the league," Trump said.
Other
team owners, such as Tampa Bay Bandits owner John Bassett, blasted Trump
for saying the league will change the schedule before anything has been
agreed on.
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May 1984 |
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The Stallions file a $20 million suit against
running back Joe Cribbs, currently the league's leading
rusher, for failing to report to practice for two days. Cribbs has been
demanding the Stallions more than double his current salary, a five year
$2,350,000 contract he signed over ten months ago. In presenting the suit
on Cribbs, the Stallions claim he has "irreparably harmed" the
team's ability to compete in the USFL and has driven fans away. According
to team President, Jerry Sklar, Cribbs originally demanded the
renegotiations only three weeks into the 1984 season.
Cribbs claims through his new agent that his contract should be
renegotiated due to his former agent, Jerry Argovitz, having a conflict of
interest during the previous negotiations that brought him to the
Stallions. Argovitz is currently one of the owners of the USFL's Houston
Gamblers.
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Cribbs breaks his self-imposed month-long media ban to
state that he was shocked the Stallions organization had sued him.
"The real issue is we have been negotiating since the second week of
the season and nobody knew about it. Both sides appeared willing to work
something out. I said, 'That's fine, I'll play.' And I played as hard as I
could play. After the Philadelphia game, Jerry Sklar said there would be
no more negotiating, that they have a valid contract. It was obvious they
were stringing me along. Then, I made an emotional decision, not a
rational one. I was confused and upset and drove to Sulligent to talk
things over with my mother. I was not walking away from the team. I had
made no threats not to practice or play at anytime during the
negotiations. It was like I was led on all that time," Cribs said.
Sklar, however, said, Cribbs new agent, Louis Burrell, had told the
Stallions that Cribbs would leave if the negotiations didn't continue.
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Cribbs reports back to practice but would not comment on
why he returned. "We came to a mutual understanding and I'm basically
back to play football. I hope to rectify the situation as far as the fans
are concerned. Hopefully, there's no hard feelings. The situation is
resolved, and I'm ready to play," Cribbs said.
Sklar said that all the misunderstandings between the parties have been
resolved and that "Joe is returning to the Stallions under the terms
of his contract and will fulfill all of the terms of his contract. Joe met
today with myself, coach Rollie Dotsch, the coaching staff and the players
for the purpose of making amends with them."
Sklar did admit that contract renegotiations had resumed five days ago. |
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August 1984 |
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At an owner's meeting in Chicago, a unanimous
vote was taken to move to a fall schedule
beginning with the 1986 season. Chicago Blitz
owner Eddie Einhorn said a fall season "is
where the football money is. You either cut back, or you go after the
football pot that's out there in the fall."
USFL Commissioner Chet Simmons said, "the USFL is ready, willing
and able to compete for the attention of (stadium) fans... and television
viewers. We are prepared to compete aggressively for the best available
college and pro talent."
"The real big play is for 1987. That's when the network contracts
with the NFL end. The NFL will be asking billions, and we will be in that
bidding with better players and a more exciting brand of football,"
Trump said.
Not everyone agrees a move is the best idea for the new league,
however. Houston Gamblers quarterback Jim Kelly called the schedule switch
"100 percent" wrong. "It's the worst thing they could have
done," Kelly said.
In anticipation of the schedule change, the Philadelphia Stars
franchise will move before the 1985 season to Baltimore. If they had
stayed in Philadelphia, the Stars would have had to compete against the
NFL's Philadelphia Eagles and Major League Baseball's Philadelphia
Phillies for use of Veterans Stadium.
Also, the Oakland Invaders and the Oklahoma Outlaws franchises were
given league approval to merge and play in Oakland as the Invaders. |
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October 1984 |
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The USFL files a $440 million
antitrust suit against the NFL in federal court. The suit contends the NFL
is involved in "a conspiracy" to destroy the USFL through their
monopoly on players, stadium leases and television contracts. Named as
defendants in the suit are all twenty-eight NFL franchises and their
Commissioner, Pete Rozelle. Under antitrust law, the award would be
tripled to $1.32 billion if the USFL receives a favorable ruling.
Rozelle called the suit "totally baseless". Last spring,
Rozelle said, "You will know when they are on their last legs. They
will bring a lawsuit against us. This will be how they try to keep the
owners from jumping ship." |
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November 1984 |
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At a press conference in New York, USFL Commissioner Chet Simmons announces a number of changes for the
1985 season.
The Pittsburgh Maulers merged with the Philadelphia Stars and the new
franchise will play in Maryland as the Baltimore Stars.
The Oklahoma Outlaws merged with the Arizona
Wranglers and the new franchise will play in Arizona as the Arizona Outlaws.
The Michigan Panthers merged with the Oakland
Invaders and the new franchise will play in California as the Oakland Invaders.
The New Orleans Breakers will move to Oregon and become the Portland Breakers.
However, Breakers owner Joe Canizaro had wrestled with the notion of
merging with the Birmingham Stallions. "Marvin (Warner, Stallions
owner) is a good friend and I would have enjoyed being partners with him.
Before I visited Portland, the chances were better that I'd approach
Marvin than move. But once I got to Portland and saw the enthusiasm, I was
sold on it," Canizaro said.
The Washington Federals will move to Florida and become the Orlando Renegades.
The Chicago Blitz has suspended operations for the 1985
season and plans to resume play in 1986. |
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January 1985 |
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USFL Commissioner Chet Simmons
resigns under pressure from team owners. Many of them have been unhappy
with Simmons' failure to negotiate a new, larger television contract.
Indications are strong that Harry Usher, a Los Angeles attorney, is the
leading candidate to replace Simmons. Usher was Executive Vice President
and General Manager of the Los Angeles Olympic Committee, where he worked
for LAOOC President Peter Ueberroth, who is now the Commissioner of Major
League Baseball.
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Harry Usher is officially named the new
Commissioner of the USFL. Usher received a unanimous approval vote from the team owners. |
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Donald Trump signs the latest Heisman Trophy winner,
Boston College's Doug Flutie, to play for his New Jersey Generals. Flutie
is the third consecutive Heisman Trophy winner to sign with the USFL and
is the second for the Generals. Terms are rumored to be $8.6 million for
six years. |
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February 1985 |
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1985 United States Football League |
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Western Conference |
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Eastern Conference |
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Arizona Outlaws |
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Baltimore Stars |
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Denver Gold |
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Birmingham Stallions |
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Houston Gamblers |
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Jacksonville Bulls |
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Los Angeles Express |
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Memphis Showboats |
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Oakland Invaders |
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New Jersey Generals |
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Portland Breakers |
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Orlando Renegades |
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San Antonio Gunslingers |
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Tampa Bay Bandits |
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March 1985 |
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Joan Ryan, a female sports reporter for the
Orlando Sentinel, claims she was publicly
humiliated in the Stallions locker room
following their game with the Renegades at
Orlando Stadium Saturday night.
Ryan claims that several Stallions players, most of them undressed,
closed in on her as soon as she walked through the door. She claims they
yelled insults at her and made dirty remarks to each other. She claims she
then felt something on her leg and it was a player stroking her calf with
the plastic handle of a razor. Saying she was angry, shaken and
humiliated, she walked out and ran into Stallions President Jerry Sklar,
who laughingly told her that "you are entering on your own initiative
and therefore are subject to what goes on in there. It is not a proper
place for a female to be."
Naturally, Sklar didn't remember the episode quite the same way and
claimed that he never spoke to Ryan.
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Rumors are strong that the franchise my be in
financial trouble due to the national Savings
and Loan scandal. Warner, who owns several
Savings and Loans throughout the country, has
been forced to close some of his banks, most
notably the Home Savings Bank in Cincinnati,
Ohio. Warner reportedly has lost well over $100
million in an investment with ESM Government Securities, Inc. Home Savings
was a heavy borrower from ESM. When Home State borrowed money, it put up
government securities as collateral - securities which it could not get
back due to ESM's collapse. Home State depositors quickly withdrew their
money, forcing the bank to close the weekend of the 9th. Home State, along
with sixty-nine other banks in Ohio, is insured by a private insurance
fund and not by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation.
Depositors at the other banks then worried that the fund couldn't cover
their deposits and started pulling their money out also, forcing Ohio
Governor Richard Celeste to close all Ohio savings banks insured by the
private fund. All except Home State are open again.
Currently, Warner faces lawsuits from the conservator of Home State and
Home State depositors as well as investigations by the Federal Bureau of
Investigation, the Securities Exchange Commission and at least one
congressional committee.
Sklar's official response is, "I have been told by the owner that
the Stallions will operate in the future just as they have in the past.
Mr. Warner's other activities are personal and private and do not affect
me or the Stallions."
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It is announced that majority owner Marvin
Warner has officially ceased his support of the
Stallions. Warner has "transferred his interest"
in the Stallions directly to the franchise
itself, according to team President Jerry Sklar.
"Marvin Warner's share has become a part of the
franchise," said Sklar. In a written statement
issued by Warner, he said he "feels it's in his
best interest and the team's interests not to
continue his association with the team."
Sklar and the minority owners hope to keep the Stallions in Birmingham.
"We have already put in interim financing. It is our intention to
arrange for permanent financing," said Sklar. The Stallions have paid
all of their bills so far, but do not have enough money to last through
the end of the season. Sklar lauded Warner for his role in bringing the
Stallions to Birmingham. "Now it is the responsibility of the local
investors to see that it stays here," Sklar said.
Charlotte developer George Shinn first contacted the Stallions in
October of last year about buying the team and moving it to Charlotte.
When Warner's financial problems struck in early March, Shinn once again
approached the Stallions but was turned down.
Denver's Ron Blanding also contacted the Stallions earlier this month.
The former owner of the USFL's Denver Gold, Blanding said he is no longer
interested in buying the club. "We thought it was a well-operated
team. We wouldn't have changed anything," Blanding said, including
keeping the team in Birmingham.
One of the minority owners, local businessman Harold Ripps, said that
Warner "got nothing" for his share of the franchise. "He
lost what he put in. I think he's doing all that he can to help the team
and city out," Ripps said. |
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Birmingham Mayor Richard Arrington approached
the City Council to get their approval in the
city of Birmingham investing $1 million in the
Stallions. His idea is for the city to buy $1
million in limited partnerships with the
Stallions franchise. That would be a better
investment than loaning the club $1 million,
which the city probably couldn't even do,
legally.
"That way, if for any reason it was sold or a general partner came
in we might stand a pretty good chance of recouping our $1 million or at
least a portion of it. If the thing folds, I guess everybody would
lose," Arrington said. |
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April 1985 |
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Donald Trump asks the other team owners to help
him pay Doug Flutie's salary. Trump contends the other
owners encouraged him to sign Flutie at all costs. |
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Tampa Bay Bandits owner John Bassett claims he
has been looking for an investor for the
Stallions. "I've been devoting a lot of time to
the Birmingham situation, and I can tell you
it's very close to being resolved. I can't
absolutely guarantee it, but I think there will
be an owner announced in a few days. He will be
an outstanding citizen in the community. I have
found an owner, and he is committed under
certain circumstances," Bassett said. He said he
could not identify the person because
negotiations are still not complete. The individual is thought to be Birmingham real estate developer Wally
Nall, Jr. Nall said the announcement of his investing in the Stallions is
"very premature" and that "John called me last week and I
met with him in Florida. He has a program to revamp the USFL. If he can do
what he says, then yes, I am very interested." Nall declined to
discuss any details of Bassett's plan. "I know Jerry (Sklar) and his
group are working hard to save the Stallions, and I'm all for them. I
don't want to do anything to sabotage their efforts," Nall said.
Sklar, however, said he knew nothing of Bassett's negotiations. "I
have not talked with him. I am not aware of anybody, or any group, saying
they will step forward (with financing), but if it's true, we'd certainly
like to hear from them," Sklar said.
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Charles Graddick, the Alabama Attorney General, said the
city of Birmingham could legally invest in the Stallions. The Stallions
must have $1 million by next week and another $750,000 later to finish the
season. "The Attorney General gave a favorable legal opinion, and we're
excited about it. We're pursuing the matter with the city. Provided the
Mayor and his advisors deem it appropriate, we'd certainly except
it," Sklar said.
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Birmingham city attorneys issued a memo to the
Mayor stating the city should loan the money to
the Stallions instead of invest directly in the
Stallions by purchasing limited partnerships.
The city would have to technically loan the
money to the Alabama State Fair Authority, who
would then loan the money or invest in the
Stallions. They also recommend loaning the money to the team in stages and only as
matching funds to other sources the Stallions may find.
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The City Council approved a $1 million bail-out
package. The proposal was actually voted on
twice, with it being voted down the first time.
After some intense back-room discussions, two
council members changed their votes. Councilman Russell Yarbrough, who voted against the proposal, said,
"It's awful easy to let our heartstrings rule our pocketbooks. We're
dealing with taxpayer's money here. I think if we invest any money at all
in the Stallions, we're going to lose it."
The were additional stipulations attached, however. The first payment
wouldn't be made until next week, the day after a league meeting of team
owners that would decide the fate of the USFL. If the league votes to
continue, the city would then loan $900,000 to the team over the next few
weeks, matching other funds that the Stallions raise. The loan carries a
ten percent interest rate. The final $100,000 would be used to purchase
limited partnerships in the franchise.
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At a league meeting in New Jersey, team owners
reaffirm their earlier commitment to move to a
fall schedule in 1986 by a 12-2 vote. The
dissenting votes came from Tampa Bay's John
Bassett and Denver's Doug Spedding. USFL Commissioner Harry Usher said, "The spring vs.
fall issue has been ballyhooed around in the papers and by the electronic
media, and we needed to put a stop to the speculation. So, we have
reaffirmed our desire to go to the fall. One franchise, Tampa Bay, has
agreed to withdraw from the league at the end of this season, and John
Bassett will attempt to put together another summer league." Usher
said all assets of the Tampa Bay Bandits will belong to the league once
the season is over, "All the assets are league assets, players,
logos, name." Bassett says he has "ten or eleven" cities lined up for his
new league, which would include entertainment activities in addition to a
sporting event. Each team would have a professional golfer and
entertainment personality involved. The league would be a giant football,
golf, tennis and soccer league.
Team owners also voted to continue financing the Los Angeles Express,
which is still without an owner. Usher said, "The lights will come on
in Chicago in 1986. Now we have teams in the New York area, Chicago and
Los Angeles."
The league announced that they have hired a New York law firm to begin
taking depositions in the USFL's $1.32 billion anti-trust lawsuit against
the NFL.
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May 1985 |
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The USFL files a $7 million breach-of-contract
lawsuit against the ABC television network. The
lawsuit is in retaliation for ABC's announcement
that they would be withholding the final $5
million from their $14 million contract with the
USFL due to the USFL leaving certain cities
designated in their original contract, which
included Chicago, Detroit, Philadelphia and
Boston. |
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The USFL announces it is dropping its lawsuit
against ABC in favor of arbitration. |
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June 1985 |
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Usher announces that the Tampa Bay Bandits and
the Denver Gold will remain in the USFL. Gold
owner Doug Spedding will look into relocating the team
while Tampa Bay owner John Bassett says he will sell the Bandits.
Bassett, who is now battling cancer in the form of inoperable brain
tumors, has also put his new alternative summer league on hold. |
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July 1985 |
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It is learned that Jefferson County tax
officials are asking the Stallions for an audit
of the club's recent sales receipts to determine
just how much county sales tax is owed. J. N. Hoadley, head of the county revenue office, said the Stallions were
three months past due in making their payments.
Birmingham License and Tax Administrator Frank Lopez said the Stallions
were also three months behind in paying their city taxes before doing so
today.
In addition, a check of records for the Stallions under several
corporation names indicated that no personal property owned by the
Stallions has been assessed for taxes. Therefore, the team has not paid
any personal property tax during their three years of existence. An
inventory is planned by the Jefferson County Tax Assessor's office.
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Sklar admits that the Stallions have been
separately approached by two current USFL
franchises wanting to discuss merging. Portland
Breakers owner John Cannizaro and Denver Gold owner Doug Spedding
have both contacted Stallions ownership during the owner's meeting in New
Jersey this week. Sklar emphasizes that if a merger takes place, the new team would be
based in Birmingham. "We are not actively seeking a merger, but if a
substantial owner is willing to come to Birmingham, we are willing to
listen," Sklar said.
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It is reported that Stallions running back Joe
Cribbs and his agent, Louis Burrell, have
reached a buy-out agreement with the Stallions
for the remaining three years on his contract.
The buy-out price is estimated at $750,000. The
NFL's Buffalo Bills General Manager, Terry
Bledsoe said that talks have been underway for a
couple of weeks.
J. N. Hoadley, head of the county revenue office, said the Stallions have
paid their four month back-taxes in full, including the ten percent delinquency
fee. "They've settled up. They gave us all the money they owed,"
Hoadley said.
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Usher announces that the New Jersey Generals and
the Houston Gamblers will merge before the 1986
season. New majority owner Steve Ross purchased
the Gamblers last week from Jerry Argovitz with the hopes of merging. Argovitz will become the
President of the merged team, and the Gambler coaching staff, headed by
Jack Pardee, will coach the team. Trump said the team would be named the
Generals and would likely move to Shea Stadium. Generals quarterback Doug
Flutie would probably be traded, and two different groups in Boston are
interested in acquiring him and setting up a USFL franchise in Boston. |
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October 1985 |
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At an owner's meeting in Memphis, the Stallions
owners agree to post the $500,000 letter of
credit required to remain in the USFL. |
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November 1985 |
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At an owner's meeting in Memphis, Usher
announces that there are nine teams committed to
the 1986 season and one or two that may renew
before the season kicks off. Birmingham, New
Jersey, Baltimore, Memphis, Jacksonville,
Orlando, Tampa, Arizona and Portland have all
issued the $500,000 letters of credit required.
The Portland team will be the former Denver
Gold, which will replace the now defunct
Portland Breakers.
"I am now one hundred percent certain the league will play
football in the fall of '86," Usher said.
When asked about the league's lawsuit against the NFL, Usher said,
"The suit is extremely important to us, but it's not a make or break
thing. What we're trying to do is get the revenues to play professional
football on a highly competitive level."
The owners also approved of the merger of the New Jersey Generals and
the Houston Gamblers franchises. |
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December 1985 |
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A meeting is held between representatives of the
USFL and the NFL to discuss a potential
settlement of the lawsuit. The USFL was
represented by attorney Harvey Myerson and the
NFL was represented by lawyer Paul Tagliabue. Included in the
discussion was a three step compromise:
- Two current USFL teams would be allowed to buy into the NFL
before the 1986 season.
- A ten to twelve team spring football league would be financed by
both leagues starting in 1986.
- The most successful franchises of the spring league would
advance to gain membership into the NFL.
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NFL owners approved a resolution avowing that
the NFL has no interest in merging with the USFL
or settling the $1.3 billion antitrust suit
against it. An NFL spokesman said the resolution
was in response to the continued rumors of the
two leagues merging. |
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February 1986 |
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At the annual owner's meeting in New York, Usher
announces the USFL will play in the fall of 1986
with eight teams; Birmingham, Memphis,
Baltimore, New Jersey, Jacksonville, Orlando,
Tampa Bay and Arizona. The Houston Gamblers will
merge with the New Jersey Generals and the
Denver Gold will merge with the Jacksonville
Bulls. Usher also announced that the fourth USFL
Championship Game will be played on the Sunday
after the NFL's Super Bowl. "We now have the
strongest people, in the strongest franchises
and playing in the right season. There's
virtually no chance of us losing the lawsuit.
It's about as fool-proof as you can get. We're
going to have a great victory," Trump said. |
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1986 United States Football League |
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Liberty Division |
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Independence Division |
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Baltimore Stars |
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Arizona Outlaws |
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Birmingham Stallions |
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Jacksonville Bulls |
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Memphis Showboats |
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Orlando Renegades |
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New Jersey Generals |
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Tampa Bay Bandits |
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April 1986 |
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U.S. District Judge Peter K. Leisure refused to
void the NFL's current contracts with ABC, NBC
and CBS. The USFL had petitioned for a summary
judgment, but Leisure ruled that they had failed
to show that the contracts violated federal
antitrust laws. The trial date is set for May
12th. Leisure also laid out the ground
rules for the trial. He will refuse to allow the
USFL to present some of its claims to the jury,
among them the charges that the NFL illegally
monopolized the supply of available game
officials, that it tried to prevent USFL clubs
from gaining favorable stadium leases and that
it disparaged the new league in an illegal
attempt to harm its prospects. |
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May 1986 |
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The league announces that former Tampa Bay
Bandits owner John Bassett had died following
his year-long battle with cancer. The 47
year-old Bassett had his first bout with cancer
in 1976, just prior to the
Birmingham Bulls first season. |
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July 1986 |
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The USFL receives a favorable verdict against
the NFL from the jury. However, only $1 was
awarded to the USFL for their damages, which was
tripled to $3 under federal antitrust laws. The
jury dismissed the USFL's television portion of
the case, because the USFL has access to cable
television, including their ESPN contract. The
five woman and one man jury deliberated for
thirty-one hours before returning with a
judgment against the NFL on one of the nine
antitrust counts against it.
However, there seemed to be some confusion
among the jurors regarding their
responsibilities. Fatigue from the eleven week
case also had an affect in their ruling. "We
were very worried and very tired. I was getting
physically ill, not sleeping. I wanted to get
out. But we all agreed that the NFL was a
monopoly and a monopoly is not fair. We can't
compute damages. It was a compromise and the
government should decide how much the damages
should be. We thought the government would
follow up on the verdict. We thought according
to the instructions that the government could
decide damages. I didn't understand the
instructions and I put my faith in the court,"
said one of the female jurors.
The lone male juror felt confident of their
decision and said, "We did not really feel the
USFL had been financially damaged. We felt the
USFL had damaged themselves."
USFL owners were undecided how the decisions
would affect their upcoming fall season. "It's
hard to comprehend a decision of $1 in damages
from a jury that knew the case had such
monumental meaning. To win the case and get only
a dollar is like no decision. If we had won a
reasonable judgment, there would be no question
we'd go on and play this fall. I'm not so sure
after this happened," said Sklar.
The USFL is considering their options for
appealing the awards portion of the judgment. |
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August 1986 |
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At an owner's meeting in New York, the league
votes to suspend play for the 1986 season.
"Because of the unbelievable impossibility of
effectively playing professional football
without a television agreement from a network
and because of the injury we have suffered at
the hands of the NFL as found by a jury, we are
postponing play for the '86 season," Usher said.
When asked if the Stallions would ever play again, Dotsch said, "I
just don't know. I never say never, though. It would be a long pull."
Dotsch hinted that the USFL may have cut its own throat by wavering from
its original plan of not signing the multi-million dollar players.
"Every good coach has a game plan. In this case, the USFL got away
from the game plan. There's no question we did, or I'll say the USFL did.
I don't think we did or Tampa Bay did. Hindsight is much better than
foresight, I know, but things were done that hurt us. We (the Stallions)
didn't go crazy. We lost the fewest dollars of any USFL team. We were
always the poorest team in the playoffs, but we held our own and I'm proud
of that. We did a good job with what we had. We won a lot more than we
lost, and that's the biggest thing," Dotsch said.
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The USFL and the United States Football League
Players Association agree to complete free
agency for all USFL players to allow them to
sign with NFL teams. With that agreement made, a
mass exodus is expected, which would leave the
USFL without any of their marquee players. |
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October 1986 |
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Leisure denies appeals by the USFL and the NFL.
The NFL's appeal was to overturn the jury's
ruling that they were an illegal monopoly, while
the USFL's appeal was for an increase in their
award amount of $1 due to juror confusion over
what their responsibilities were.
"The next step for us (the USFL) is going to
court in November for a hearing on injunctive
relief to get the NFL off one of the TV
networks. And filing an appeal with a higher
court for another trial, probably in January of
February," Sklar said. |
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Usher announces that the USFL has filed a motion
asking Leisure to split the NFL into two totally
separate conferences and knock the established
league off one of the three major networks. The
USFL's desire is to break up the NFL into two
new leagues, the AFC and the NFC, and each would
negotiate its own television contracts, run its
own finances and conduct separate drafts. Doing
so would then allow the USFL to be exclusively
shown on the third network.
"We're not giving up. We're not going to go
away," Usher said. |
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December 1986 |
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Leisure throws out the USFL's request to break
the NFL into two autonomous conferences. An
appeal is likely, but with the 1986 fall season
already cancelled, with each passing day the
future looks bleaker for the USFL to continue.
"I can't say this latest decision by Judge
Leisure's court is the end of the USFL, but it
makes playing in the fall of '87 unlikely,"
Sklar said.
"There's still a lot of interest, but we know the chances of us
starting up again are realistically nil," Dotsch said. |
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January 1987 |
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Usher announces that the USFL franchise owners
have decided to cancel the 1987 fall season.
With their decision to appeal the $3 award in
their anti-trust suit against the NFL, the
owners felt the appeal could last up to six
months, which would damage their ability to
properly prepare for the 1987 season. |
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March 1987 |
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A Cincinnati, Ohio jury convicted Warner and two
former Home State Savings Bank presidents of
charges stemming from an investment scheme that
set off a state-wide financial crisis in 1985. |
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March 1988 |
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The Second U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
rejected the USFL's appeal of their $1 jury
judgment. The vote was a unanimous 3-0 decision
and from all appearances, is the final nail in
the league's coffin.
"I'm very disappointed. I'm sorry for the players and the public
and the television fans," Usher said. |
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